lek. Iwona Radziejewska-Choma
Key words: botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA), anathomy of the lower face, adverse events, patient assessment, injection technique, lower face lift, jowline contour
Abstract
The administration of neuromodulators in the lower part of the face is an off-label indication, but the literature and numerous clinical studies show very good results from the aplication of this therapy.
Aesthetic indications include: lifting the corners of the mouth, improving the appearance of the chin, hypertrophy of the masseter muscles, lower face lift and jowline contour. Regardless of the area to be treated, the patient should be evaluated in an upright position, with the muscles at rest and at maximum contraction, taking into account the facial asymmetries present (in most people).
A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the lower facial muscles, how they work, interact and are responsible for the formation of certain wrinkles/changes is crucial when performing the procedure.
